1 直接挂载新磁盘

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fdisk /dev/sdc

Command (m for help): n  创建新分区

Select (default p): p # 创建主分区

Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 # 分区编号
First sector (2048-62914558, default 2048):  # 第一个扇区
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-62914558, default 62914558):  #最后一个扇区

Command (m for help): w # 保存

mkfs -t ext4 /deb/sdX1

查看分区

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lsblk
NAME               MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                  8:0    0   500G  0 disk
......
sdb                  8:16   0   500G  0 disk
sdc                  8:32   0    30G  0 disk
├─sdc1               8:33   0   512B  0 part
└─sdc2               8:34   0    30G  0 part

2 分区恢复

2.1 删除分区

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fdisk /dev/sdc

Command (m for help): d # 删除分区
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2 # 分区号

Command (m for help): w # 保存

[root@caiwc-tst-67 /]# lsblk
NAME               MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sdc                  8:32   0    30G  0 disk
└─sdc1               8:33   0   512B  0 part
sr0                 11:0    1     2G  0 rom

2.2 恢复数据

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sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum install testdisk
testdisk

>[ Create ] Create a new log file

>Disk /dev/sdc - 32 GB / 30 GiB - Virtual disk

>[Intel  ] Intel/PC partition

>[ Analyse  ] Analyse current partition structure and search for lost partitions

[Quick Search] # 回车

>* Linux                    1   0  1 30719  63 32   62912512 # 回车

1 * Linux                    1   0  1 30719  63 32   62912512 # 回车

# 等扫描完,按p
Disk /dev/sdc - 32 GB / 30 GiB - CHS 30720 64 32
Analyse cylinder 10256/30719: 33%
  Linux                    1   0  1 30719  63 24   62912504
  Linux                    1   0  1 30719  63 24   62912504
  Linux                    1   0  1 30719  63 24   62912504
  Linux                    1   0  1 30719  63 24   62912504
  Linux                    1   0  1 30719  63 24   62912504
  Linux                    1   0  1 30719  63 24   62912504

# 选择要恢复的文件,按c复制
   * Linux                    1   0  1 30719  63 32   62912512
Directory /
>drwxr-xr-x     0     0      4096 22-May-2025 10:50 .
 drwxr-xr-x     0     0      4096 22-May-2025 10:50 ..
 drwx------     0     0     16384 22-May-2025 10:45 lost+found
 drwxr-xr-x     0     0      4096 22-May-2025 10:50 nginx_logs
 drwxr-xr-x     0     0      4096 22-May-2025 10:50 redis
 drwxr-xr-x     0     0      4096 22-May-2025 10:50 rocketmq
 drwxr-xr-x     0     0      4096 22-May-2025 10:50 velero-minio
 drwxr-xr-x     0     0      4096 22-May-2025 10:50 victoria

# 选择要恢复的目录,按回车确定
# 选择要恢复的目录,按回车确定
Please select a destination where / and any files below will be copied.
Keys: Arrow keys to select another directory
      C when the destination is correct
      Q to quit
Directory /data
>drwxr-xr-x     0     0        49  3-Apr-2025 10:02 .
 dr-xr-xr-x     0     0      4096 22-May-2025 10:59 ..
 drwx--x---     0     0       171 22-May-2025 11:09 docker

3 在原有分区扩容

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# 查看磁盘信息
lsblk 
NAME                             MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                                8:0    0     2T  0 disk 
├─sda1                             8:1    0   600M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2                             8:2    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                             8:3    0     2T  0 part 
  ├─almalinux_registry--100-root 253:0    0   120G  0 lvm  /
  ├─almalinux_registry--100-home 253:1    0    20G  0 lvm  /home
  └─almalinux_registry--100-data 253:2    0 358.4G  0 lvm  /data

# 扩容到sda3
parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.5
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) resizepart 3 100%                                                
(parted) quit                                                             
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

# 刷新分区信息
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized

# 等一段时间再次查看
lsblk 
NAME                             MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                                8:0    0     2T  0 disk 
├─sda1                             8:1    0   600M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2                             8:2    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                             8:3    0     2T  0 part 
  ├─almalinux_registry--100-root 253:0    0   120G  0 lvm  /
  ├─almalinux_registry--100-home 253:1    0    20G  0 lvm  /home
  └─almalinux_registry--100-data 253:2    0 358.4G  0 lvm  /data

3.1 Lvm 扩容

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# 查看
vgs
  VG                     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  almalinux_registry-100   1   3   0 wz--n- <2.00t 1.51t
pvs
  PV         VG                     Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/sda3  almalinux_registry-100 lvm2 a--  <2.00t 1.51t
lvs
  LV   VG                     Attr       LSize    Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  data almalinux_registry-100 -wi-ao---- <358.41g                                                    
  home almalinux_registry-100 -wi-ao----   20.00g                                                    
  root almalinux_registry-100 -wi-ao----  120.00g      
                                               
# 扩展物理卷
pvresize /dev/sda3
# 扩容逻辑卷
# lvextend -L +50G /dev/almalinux_registry-100/data  # 指定扩展量
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/almalinux_registry-100/data   # 使用全部剩余空间

# 扩展文件系统
#resize2fs /dev/almalinux_registry--100/data  # 适用于ext4文件系统
xfs_growfs /data  # 适用于xfs文件系统

# 查看
lvs
  LV   VG                     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  data almalinux_registry-100 -wi-ao----   1.86t                                                    
  home almalinux_registry-100 -wi-ao----  20.00g                                                    
  root almalinux_registry-100 -wi-ao---- 120.00g